TY - JOUR
T1 - Estrogen signaling in hypothalamic circuits controling reproduction
AU - Kelly, Martin J.
AU - Qiu, Jian
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank colleagues who contributed to the work described herein, especially Drs. Oline K. Rønekleiv, Chunguang Zhang, Troy A. Roepke, Anna Malyala and Ms. Martha A. Bosch. Drs. Oline K. Ronnekleiv and Troy A. Roepke provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The work described herein was supported by PHS grants NS 43330 , NS 38809 and DK 68098 .
PY - 2010/12/10
Y1 - 2010/12/10
N2 - It is well known that many of the actions of 17β-estradiol (E2) in the central nervous system are mediated via intracellular receptor/transcription factors that interact with steroid response elements on target genes. However, there is compelling evidence for membrane steroid receptors for estrogen in hypothalamic and other brain neurons. Yet, it is not well understood how estrogen signals via membrane receptors and how these signals impact not only membrane excitability but also gene transcription in neurons that modulate GnRH neuronal excitability. Indeed, it has been known for some time that E2 can rapidly alter neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane delimited events. In addition, E2 can affect second messenger systems including calcium mobilization and a plethora of kinases to alter cell signaling. Therefore, this review will consider our current knowledge of rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling by E2 in hypothalamic neurons critical for reproductive function.
AB - It is well known that many of the actions of 17β-estradiol (E2) in the central nervous system are mediated via intracellular receptor/transcription factors that interact with steroid response elements on target genes. However, there is compelling evidence for membrane steroid receptors for estrogen in hypothalamic and other brain neurons. Yet, it is not well understood how estrogen signals via membrane receptors and how these signals impact not only membrane excitability but also gene transcription in neurons that modulate GnRH neuronal excitability. Indeed, it has been known for some time that E2 can rapidly alter neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane delimited events. In addition, E2 can affect second messenger systems including calcium mobilization and a plethora of kinases to alter cell signaling. Therefore, this review will consider our current knowledge of rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling by E2 in hypothalamic neurons critical for reproductive function.
KW - 17β-estradiol (E2)
KW - Estrogen receptor-α (ERα)
KW - Membrane E2 receptor (mER)
KW - Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
KW - γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons
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U2 - 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.082
DO - 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.082
M3 - Review article
C2 - 20807512
AN - SCOPUS:78649522329
SN - 0006-8993
VL - 1364
SP - 44
EP - 52
JO - Brain research
JF - Brain research
ER -