Electrophilic aromatic substitutions of amine and sulfonate onto fine-grained activated carbon for aqueous-phase metal ion removal

Wassana Yantasee; Yuehe Lin; Kentin L. Alford; Brad J. Busche; Glen E. Fryxell; Mark H. Engelhard

doi:10.1081/SS-200033140

Electrophilic aromatic substitutions of amine and sulfonate onto fine-grained activated carbon for aqueous-phase metal ion removal

Wassana Yantasee, Yuehe Lin, Kentin L. Alford, Brad J. Busche, Glen E. Fryxell, Mark H. Engelhard

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

Two new materials for adsorption of metal ions from aqueous media have been developed. The organic functional groups amine (-NH₂) and sulfonate (-SO₃H) were successfully attached to a commercially available fine-grained activated carbon (AC) via electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The surface properties of the materials were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, BET surface area analysis, gravimetric methods, and elemental analysis. The NH₂-AC and SO₃H-AC each had a functional group density of 3 mmol/g. Batch metal ion adsorption experiments were conducted to determine metal binding properties of the adsorbent materials. Based on the distribution coefficients (K_d) of metal ions tested, the unmodified AC and sulfonated-AC both had an affinity for metal ions in decreasing order of Nd > Lu ≈ La > Pb > Cu > Ni ≈ Cd > Mn ≈ Ca, while the amine-AC had an affinity for metal ions in the order of Cu > Nd ≈ Lu ≈ La > Pb > Ni > Cd > Mn ≈ Ca. With maximum K_d values of 130,000 for amine-AC and 25,000 for sulfonated-AC, compared to a K_d of 2,000 for unmodified AC, the modified activated carbons have a strong potential for use in removing heavy metal ions and lanthanide ions from aqueous wastes.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3263-3279
Number of pages	17
Journal	Separation Science and Technology
Volume	39
Issue number	14
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1081/SS-200033140
State	Published - 2004
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Chemically modified carbon
Metal separation
Nanoporous sorbent

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Chemical Engineering(all)
Process Chemistry and Technology
Filtration and Separation

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10.1081/SS-200033140

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@article{28b4e39141c243748f7634d3a1baf857,

title = "Electrophilic aromatic substitutions of amine and sulfonate onto fine-grained activated carbon for aqueous-phase metal ion removal",

abstract = "Two new materials for adsorption of metal ions from aqueous media have been developed. The organic functional groups amine (-NH2) and sulfonate (-SO3H) were successfully attached to a commercially available fine-grained activated carbon (AC) via electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The surface properties of the materials were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, BET surface area analysis, gravimetric methods, and elemental analysis. The NH2-AC and SO3H-AC each had a functional group density of 3 mmol/g. Batch metal ion adsorption experiments were conducted to determine metal binding properties of the adsorbent materials. Based on the distribution coefficients (Kd) of metal ions tested, the unmodified AC and sulfonated-AC both had an affinity for metal ions in decreasing order of Nd > Lu ≈ La > Pb > Cu > Ni ≈ Cd > Mn ≈ Ca, while the amine-AC had an affinity for metal ions in the order of Cu > Nd ≈ Lu ≈ La > Pb > Ni > Cd > Mn ≈ Ca. With maximum Kd values of 130,000 for amine-AC and 25,000 for sulfonated-AC, compared to a Kd of 2,000 for unmodified AC, the modified activated carbons have a strong potential for use in removing heavy metal ions and lanthanide ions from aqueous wastes.",

keywords = "Chemically modified carbon, Metal separation, Nanoporous sorbent",

author = "Wassana Yantasee and Yuehe Lin and Alford, {Kentin L.} and Busche, {Brad J.} and Fryxell, {Glen E.} and Engelhard, {Mark H.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by SERDP project CS-1267 and a laboratory directed research and development program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The work was partially performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility located at PNNL and sponsored by the U.S. DOE{\textquoteright}s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The authors thank Christian D. Johnson for reviewing the manuscript and Todd R. Hart for the ICP instrumentation.",

year = "2004",

doi = "10.1081/SS-200033140",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "39",

pages = "3263--3279",

journal = "Separation Science and Technology",

issn = "0149-6395",

publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",

number = "14",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Electrophilic aromatic substitutions of amine and sulfonate onto fine-grained activated carbon for aqueous-phase metal ion removal

AU - Yantasee, Wassana

AU - Lin, Yuehe

AU - Alford, Kentin L.

AU - Busche, Brad J.

AU - Fryxell, Glen E.

AU - Engelhard, Mark H.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by SERDP project CS-1267 and a laboratory directed research and development program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The work was partially performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility located at PNNL and sponsored by the U.S. DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The authors thank Christian D. Johnson for reviewing the manuscript and Todd R. Hart for the ICP instrumentation.

PY - 2004

Y1 - 2004

N2 - Two new materials for adsorption of metal ions from aqueous media have been developed. The organic functional groups amine (-NH2) and sulfonate (-SO3H) were successfully attached to a commercially available fine-grained activated carbon (AC) via electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The surface properties of the materials were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, BET surface area analysis, gravimetric methods, and elemental analysis. The NH2-AC and SO3H-AC each had a functional group density of 3 mmol/g. Batch metal ion adsorption experiments were conducted to determine metal binding properties of the adsorbent materials. Based on the distribution coefficients (Kd) of metal ions tested, the unmodified AC and sulfonated-AC both had an affinity for metal ions in decreasing order of Nd > Lu ≈ La > Pb > Cu > Ni ≈ Cd > Mn ≈ Ca, while the amine-AC had an affinity for metal ions in the order of Cu > Nd ≈ Lu ≈ La > Pb > Ni > Cd > Mn ≈ Ca. With maximum Kd values of 130,000 for amine-AC and 25,000 for sulfonated-AC, compared to a Kd of 2,000 for unmodified AC, the modified activated carbons have a strong potential for use in removing heavy metal ions and lanthanide ions from aqueous wastes.

AB - Two new materials for adsorption of metal ions from aqueous media have been developed. The organic functional groups amine (-NH2) and sulfonate (-SO3H) were successfully attached to a commercially available fine-grained activated carbon (AC) via electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The surface properties of the materials were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, BET surface area analysis, gravimetric methods, and elemental analysis. The NH2-AC and SO3H-AC each had a functional group density of 3 mmol/g. Batch metal ion adsorption experiments were conducted to determine metal binding properties of the adsorbent materials. Based on the distribution coefficients (Kd) of metal ions tested, the unmodified AC and sulfonated-AC both had an affinity for metal ions in decreasing order of Nd > Lu ≈ La > Pb > Cu > Ni ≈ Cd > Mn ≈ Ca, while the amine-AC had an affinity for metal ions in the order of Cu > Nd ≈ Lu ≈ La > Pb > Ni > Cd > Mn ≈ Ca. With maximum Kd values of 130,000 for amine-AC and 25,000 for sulfonated-AC, compared to a Kd of 2,000 for unmodified AC, the modified activated carbons have a strong potential for use in removing heavy metal ions and lanthanide ions from aqueous wastes.

KW - Chemically modified carbon

KW - Metal separation

KW - Nanoporous sorbent

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U2 - 10.1081/SS-200033140

DO - 10.1081/SS-200033140

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:7444270351

SN - 0149-6395

VL - 39

SP - 3263

EP - 3279

JO - Separation Science and Technology

JF - Separation Science and Technology

IS - 14

ER -

Electrophilic aromatic substitutions of amine and sulfonate onto fine-grained activated carbon for aqueous-phase metal ion removal

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