TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficient postacquisition synchronization of 4-D nongated cardiac images obtained from optical coherence tomography
T2 - Application to 4-D reconstruction of the chick embryonic heart
AU - Liu, Aiping
AU - Wang, Ruikang
AU - Thornburg, Kent L.
AU - Rugonyi, Sandra
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported, in part, by a Beginning Grant-in-Aid from the Pacific Mountain Affiliate of the American Heart Association (Grant No. 0760063Z). The authors are grateful to Dr. Sandra Oster for her editorial assistance.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Four-dimensional (4-D) imaging of the embryonic heart allows study of cardiac morphology and function in vivo during development. However, 4-D imaging of the embryonic heart using current techniques, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), is limited by the rate of image acquisition. Here, we present a nongated 4-D imaging strategy combined with an efficient postacquisition synchronization procedure that circumvents limitations on acquisition rate. The 4-D imaging strategy acquires a time series of images in B mode at several different locations along the heart, rendering out-of-phase image sequences. Then, our synchronization procedure uses similarity of local structures to find the phase shift between neighboring image sequences, employing M-mode images (extracted from the acquired B-mode images) to achieve computational efficiency. Furthermore, our procedure corrects the phase shifts by considering the phase lags introduced by peristaltic-like contractions of the embryonic heart wall. We applied the 4-D imaging strategy and synchronization procedure to reconstruct the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) of a chick embryo, imaged with OCT at early stages of development (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18). We showed that the proposed synchronization procedure achieves efficiency without sacrificing accuracy and that the reconstructed 4-D images properly captured the dynamics of the OFT wall motion.
AB - Four-dimensional (4-D) imaging of the embryonic heart allows study of cardiac morphology and function in vivo during development. However, 4-D imaging of the embryonic heart using current techniques, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), is limited by the rate of image acquisition. Here, we present a nongated 4-D imaging strategy combined with an efficient postacquisition synchronization procedure that circumvents limitations on acquisition rate. The 4-D imaging strategy acquires a time series of images in B mode at several different locations along the heart, rendering out-of-phase image sequences. Then, our synchronization procedure uses similarity of local structures to find the phase shift between neighboring image sequences, employing M-mode images (extracted from the acquired B-mode images) to achieve computational efficiency. Furthermore, our procedure corrects the phase shifts by considering the phase lags introduced by peristaltic-like contractions of the embryonic heart wall. We applied the 4-D imaging strategy and synchronization procedure to reconstruct the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) of a chick embryo, imaged with OCT at early stages of development (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18). We showed that the proposed synchronization procedure achieves efficiency without sacrificing accuracy and that the reconstructed 4-D images properly captured the dynamics of the OFT wall motion.
KW - M-mode image
KW - cardiac development
KW - cardiac imaging
KW - cardiac reconstruction
KW - chick embryonic heart
KW - outflow tract
KW - phase lag
KW - postacquisition synchronization
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U2 - 10.1117/1.3184462
DO - 10.1117/1.3184462
M3 - Article
C2 - 19725731
AN - SCOPUS:73349115606
SN - 1083-3668
VL - 14
JO - Journal of biomedical optics
JF - Journal of biomedical optics
IS - 4
M1 - 044020
ER -