TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Dietary Fat and Protein on DMH-Induced Tumor Development and Immune Responses
AU - Nutter, Robert L.
AU - Kettering, Janies D.
AU - Aprecio, Raydolfo M.
AU - Weeks, Douglas A.
AU - Gridley, Daila S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Dr. Mark Havi]and for assistance in statistical analyses of the data. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Melba Andres, Mercy Prabu Das, Helen Drakou, Bob Stagg, Hok-San Thio, and Mark Leu for expert technical support and Rhonda Hobson and Laurie Robinson for their secretarial skills in the preparation of this manuscript. This study was supported in part by the United Cancer Research Society of Redlands, CA. Address reprint requests to Dr. D.S. Gridley, Dept. of Microbiology, Loma Linda Univ School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350.
PY - 1990/1/1
Y1 - 1990/1/1
N2 - Although in three different mouse tumor systems with corn oil as dietary fat we previously found that milk protein decreased tumor development compared with beef, the results were reversed in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-injected mice. The purpose of this study was to determine if the latter result was due to the protein source. BALB/c mice (n = 280) were divided into five diet groups and injected 10 times at weekly intervals with DMH (20 mg/kg wt) or saline. Four diets contained 11% protein (casein, milk, or beef) and 5 % fat (corn oil or beef tallow), and the AIN-76A diet was used as a control diet. The source of fat was a significant modulator of tumor development Corn oil markedly increased total tumor volume and the number of tumors per mouse compared with beef tallow. Its tumor-enhancing effects were evident when it was combined with milk but not with casein. In addition, significantly lower lymphoproliferation and T-cell cytotoxicity against colon tumor cell targets was associated with corn oil consumption, whereas nonfat milk as the protein source was related to normal oxidative burst capacity of phagocytes. These results demonstrate that the source of dietary fat, in addition to the protein source, has a profound effect on both tumor development and immune responsiveness in this animal tumor system.
AB - Although in three different mouse tumor systems with corn oil as dietary fat we previously found that milk protein decreased tumor development compared with beef, the results were reversed in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-injected mice. The purpose of this study was to determine if the latter result was due to the protein source. BALB/c mice (n = 280) were divided into five diet groups and injected 10 times at weekly intervals with DMH (20 mg/kg wt) or saline. Four diets contained 11% protein (casein, milk, or beef) and 5 % fat (corn oil or beef tallow), and the AIN-76A diet was used as a control diet. The source of fat was a significant modulator of tumor development Corn oil markedly increased total tumor volume and the number of tumors per mouse compared with beef tallow. Its tumor-enhancing effects were evident when it was combined with milk but not with casein. In addition, significantly lower lymphoproliferation and T-cell cytotoxicity against colon tumor cell targets was associated with corn oil consumption, whereas nonfat milk as the protein source was related to normal oxidative burst capacity of phagocytes. These results demonstrate that the source of dietary fat, in addition to the protein source, has a profound effect on both tumor development and immune responsiveness in this animal tumor system.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0025253146&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0025253146&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/01635589009514055
DO - 10.1080/01635589009514055
M3 - Article
C2 - 2308871
AN - SCOPUS:0025253146
SN - 0163-5581
VL - 13
SP - 141
EP - 152
JO - Nutrition and Cancer
JF - Nutrition and Cancer
IS - 3
ER -