TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of the addition of functionalized TiO2 nanotubes and nanoparticles on properties of experimental resin composites
AU - Guimarães, Genine Moreira de Freitas
AU - Bronze-Uhle, Erika Soares
AU - Lisboa-Filho, Paulo Noronha
AU - Fugolin, Ana Paula Piovezan
AU - Borges, Ana Flavia Sanches
AU - Gonzaga, Carla Castiglia
AU - Pfeifer, Carmem Silvia
AU - Furuse, Adilson Yoshio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Academy of Dental Materials
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - Objective: To evaluate the influence of the addition of functionalized and non-functionalized TiO2 nanostructures on properties of a resin composite. Methods: TiO2 nanostructures were synthesized and functionalized, using 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTMS) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TSMPM). Characterizations were performed with XRD, EDS, TEM, and TGA. Resin composites containing Bis-GMA/TEGDMA, CQ, DABE, and barium-aluminum silicate glass were produced according to TiO2 nanostructure (nanotube or nanoparticle), concentration (0.3 or 0.9 wt%), and functionalization (APTMS or TSMPM). The resin composite without nanostructures was used as control. The amount of fillers was kept constant at 78.3 wt% for all materials. The degree of conversion (DC - at 0 h and 24 h), maximum polymerization rate (Rpmax), and Knoop microhardness (KHN before and after ethanol softening) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05). Results: TGA results demonstrated that functionalizations were effective for both nanostructures. For DC, resin composites, time and interaction effect were significant (p < 0.001). Higher DC was found for 0.3-wt%-functionalized-nanotubes at 24 h. For nanoparticles, only 0.9-wt%-non-functionalized and 0.3-wt%-APTMS-functionalized showed DC similar to the control and all other groups showed higher DC (p < 0.05). Rpmax was higher for 0.3-wt%-APTMS-nanotubes, which corresponded to higher DC after 24 h. The lowest Rpmax occurred for 0.9-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes, which showed smaller DC at 0 h. For KHN, resin composites, ethanol softening and interaction effect were significant (p < 0.001). KHN decreased after ethanol softening all groups, except for 0.3-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes, 0.9-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes, and 0.3-wt%-non-functionalized-nanoparticles. Conclusion: The resin with 0.3-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes showed higher DC after 24 h, while being the most stable material after the ethanol softening. Significance: The addition of functionalized TiO2 nanostructures in resin-based materials may improve the properties of the material.
AB - Objective: To evaluate the influence of the addition of functionalized and non-functionalized TiO2 nanostructures on properties of a resin composite. Methods: TiO2 nanostructures were synthesized and functionalized, using 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTMS) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TSMPM). Characterizations were performed with XRD, EDS, TEM, and TGA. Resin composites containing Bis-GMA/TEGDMA, CQ, DABE, and barium-aluminum silicate glass were produced according to TiO2 nanostructure (nanotube or nanoparticle), concentration (0.3 or 0.9 wt%), and functionalization (APTMS or TSMPM). The resin composite without nanostructures was used as control. The amount of fillers was kept constant at 78.3 wt% for all materials. The degree of conversion (DC - at 0 h and 24 h), maximum polymerization rate (Rpmax), and Knoop microhardness (KHN before and after ethanol softening) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05). Results: TGA results demonstrated that functionalizations were effective for both nanostructures. For DC, resin composites, time and interaction effect were significant (p < 0.001). Higher DC was found for 0.3-wt%-functionalized-nanotubes at 24 h. For nanoparticles, only 0.9-wt%-non-functionalized and 0.3-wt%-APTMS-functionalized showed DC similar to the control and all other groups showed higher DC (p < 0.05). Rpmax was higher for 0.3-wt%-APTMS-nanotubes, which corresponded to higher DC after 24 h. The lowest Rpmax occurred for 0.9-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes, which showed smaller DC at 0 h. For KHN, resin composites, ethanol softening and interaction effect were significant (p < 0.001). KHN decreased after ethanol softening all groups, except for 0.3-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes, 0.9-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes, and 0.3-wt%-non-functionalized-nanoparticles. Conclusion: The resin with 0.3-wt%-TSMPM-nanotubes showed higher DC after 24 h, while being the most stable material after the ethanol softening. Significance: The addition of functionalized TiO2 nanostructures in resin-based materials may improve the properties of the material.
KW - Functionalization
KW - Methacrylates
KW - Nanostructures
KW - Polymer structure
KW - Titanium dioxide
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U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.013
DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.013
M3 - Article
C2 - 33012518
AN - SCOPUS:85092043579
SN - 0109-5641
VL - 36
SP - 1544
EP - 1556
JO - Dental Materials
JF - Dental Materials
IS - 12
ER -