TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of ethyl cellulose coating as an evaluation agent against contamination on the bond strength of zirconia restorations
T2 - An in vitro study
AU - Kim, Hyun Jung
AU - Ferracane, Jack L.
AU - Park, Min Joo
AU - Choi, Kyoung Kyu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Statement of problem: During the trial placement of zirconia restorations, contamination of the bonding surface is inevitable. Although cleaning methods for contaminated surfaces have been described, a method of preventing saliva contamination of the bonding surface of zirconia restorations is lacking. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate an ethyl cellulose coating as an evaluation agent to mitigate the effects of saliva contamination on the bond strength of zirconia restorations. Material and methods: Experimental groups representing different cleaning methods of tetragonal yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (4Y-TZP) surfaces were investigated for shear bond strength with a resin luting agent, and the failure mode was analyzed. The 9.0×7.0×5.0-mm zirconia blocks (n=72) were assigned as follows: Group N: uncontaminated control; Group CU: contaminated with saliva, followed by ultrasonic cleaning with ethanol; Group CI: contaminated with saliva, followed by application of a zirconia cleaner; Group PCW: preapplication of a zirconia primer, contaminated with saliva, followed by cleaning with water spray; Group ECU: precoating with the ethyl cellulose agent, contaminated with saliva, followed by removal of the agent in an ultrasonic bath with ethanol. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (immediate, short-term aging, and long-term aging), and the shear bond strength was measured (n=24). To analyze the bonding surface characteristics, the contact angle was measured (n=5). The surfaces of the zirconia specimens in each experimental group were evaluated by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (n=5). Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used for the chemical analysis of the conditioned surfaces (n=3). A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with main effect model for shear bond strength results and a 1-way ANOVA for contact angle data were performed as statistical analysis, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (α=.05). Results: The shear bond strength was significantly higher in the ECU group than in the groups with the other cleaning methods (P<.05). After the removal of ethyl cellulose with ethanol, the contact angle and surface topography were found to be similar to those of the control group, and no saliva contaminants were identified in the spectroscopy analysis. Conclusions: Coating with ethyl cellulose may protect the bonding surface of zirconia restorations from salivary contamination better than cleaning a contaminated surface.
AB - Statement of problem: During the trial placement of zirconia restorations, contamination of the bonding surface is inevitable. Although cleaning methods for contaminated surfaces have been described, a method of preventing saliva contamination of the bonding surface of zirconia restorations is lacking. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate an ethyl cellulose coating as an evaluation agent to mitigate the effects of saliva contamination on the bond strength of zirconia restorations. Material and methods: Experimental groups representing different cleaning methods of tetragonal yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (4Y-TZP) surfaces were investigated for shear bond strength with a resin luting agent, and the failure mode was analyzed. The 9.0×7.0×5.0-mm zirconia blocks (n=72) were assigned as follows: Group N: uncontaminated control; Group CU: contaminated with saliva, followed by ultrasonic cleaning with ethanol; Group CI: contaminated with saliva, followed by application of a zirconia cleaner; Group PCW: preapplication of a zirconia primer, contaminated with saliva, followed by cleaning with water spray; Group ECU: precoating with the ethyl cellulose agent, contaminated with saliva, followed by removal of the agent in an ultrasonic bath with ethanol. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (immediate, short-term aging, and long-term aging), and the shear bond strength was measured (n=24). To analyze the bonding surface characteristics, the contact angle was measured (n=5). The surfaces of the zirconia specimens in each experimental group were evaluated by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (n=5). Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used for the chemical analysis of the conditioned surfaces (n=3). A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with main effect model for shear bond strength results and a 1-way ANOVA for contact angle data were performed as statistical analysis, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (α=.05). Results: The shear bond strength was significantly higher in the ECU group than in the groups with the other cleaning methods (P<.05). After the removal of ethyl cellulose with ethanol, the contact angle and surface topography were found to be similar to those of the control group, and no saliva contaminants were identified in the spectroscopy analysis. Conclusions: Coating with ethyl cellulose may protect the bonding surface of zirconia restorations from salivary contamination better than cleaning a contaminated surface.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.034
DO - 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.034
M3 - Article
C2 - 35272841
AN - SCOPUS:85126781142
SN - 0022-3913
VL - 127
SP - 766.e1-766.e9
JO - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
JF - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
IS - 5
ER -