TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of co-initiator ratio on the polymer properties of experimental resin composites formulated with camphorquinone and phenyl-propanedione
AU - Schneider, Luis Felipe J.
AU - Cavalcante, Larissa M.
AU - Consani, Simonides
AU - Ferracane, Jack L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was done in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the PhD for Luis Felipe Jochims Schneider at the Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas. This work was supported by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), grant BEX 3667/05-7. Luis Felipe Jochims Schneider thanks the School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, for all support.
PY - 2009/3
Y1 - 2009/3
N2 - Objectives: To evaluate the effect of amine ratio (ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, EDMAB) on the maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax), degree of conversion (DC), Knoop hardness (KH), water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl) and color changes (ΔE) over time of resin composites formulated with the photoinitiators camphorquinone (CQ), phenylpropanedione (PPD) and CQ-PPD in combination. Materials and methods: Experimental resin composites were made with photoinitiator:amine ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 by weight. Rpmax was evaluated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), DC with DSC and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, KH with Knoop indentation, Wsp and Wsl adapted from ISO 4049; and color with a chromameter. The results were analyzed with two-way ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). Results: The higher the amine ratio in the composite, the higher was DC, Rpmax, and KH, and the lower was Wsl, regardless of the photoinitiator type. The use of PPD alone resulted in poorer properties than CQ and CQ-PPD. Many factors seem to affect the color changes and the b-axis data revealed that the higher the amine ratio, the higher was the +b value (yellowing) for CQ and CQ-PPD formulations. Conclusions: Higher amine ratios led to improved polymer properties, but also produced more yellowing in resin composites with CQ and CQ-PPD. The use of PPD alone was not advantageous for producing good final properties when compared to CQ and CQ-PPD.
AB - Objectives: To evaluate the effect of amine ratio (ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, EDMAB) on the maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax), degree of conversion (DC), Knoop hardness (KH), water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl) and color changes (ΔE) over time of resin composites formulated with the photoinitiators camphorquinone (CQ), phenylpropanedione (PPD) and CQ-PPD in combination. Materials and methods: Experimental resin composites were made with photoinitiator:amine ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 by weight. Rpmax was evaluated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), DC with DSC and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, KH with Knoop indentation, Wsp and Wsl adapted from ISO 4049; and color with a chromameter. The results were analyzed with two-way ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). Results: The higher the amine ratio in the composite, the higher was DC, Rpmax, and KH, and the lower was Wsl, regardless of the photoinitiator type. The use of PPD alone resulted in poorer properties than CQ and CQ-PPD. Many factors seem to affect the color changes and the b-axis data revealed that the higher the amine ratio, the higher was the +b value (yellowing) for CQ and CQ-PPD formulations. Conclusions: Higher amine ratios led to improved polymer properties, but also produced more yellowing in resin composites with CQ and CQ-PPD. The use of PPD alone was not advantageous for producing good final properties when compared to CQ and CQ-PPD.
KW - Amine
KW - Camphorquinone
KW - Degree of conversion
KW - Phenyl-propanedione
KW - Polymerization
KW - Resin composite
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U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2008.08.003
DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2008.08.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 18848352
AN - SCOPUS:59149097972
SN - 0109-5641
VL - 25
SP - 369
EP - 375
JO - Dental Materials
JF - Dental Materials
IS - 3
ER -