TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamic shear stress regulation of inflammatory and thrombotic pathways in baboon endothelial outgrowth cells
AU - Ankeny, Randall F.
AU - Hinds, Monica T.
AU - Nerem, Robert M.
PY - 2013/7/1
Y1 - 2013/7/1
N2 - Endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs) have garnered much attention as a potential autologous endothelial source for vascular implants or in tissue engineering applications due to their ease of isolation and proliferative ability; however, how these cells respond to different hemodynamic cues is ill-defined. This study investigates the inflammatory and thrombotic response of baboon EOCs (BaEOCs) to four hemodynamic conditions using the cone and plate shear apparatus: steady, laminar shear stress (SS); pulsatile, nonreversing laminar shear stress (PS); oscillatory, laminar shear stress (OS); and net positive, pulsatile, reversing laminar shear stress (RS). In summary, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA was significantly upregulated by SS compared to OS. No differences were found in the mRNA levels of the inflammatory markers intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) between the shear conditions; however, OS significantly increased the number of monocytes bound when compared to SS. Next, SS increased the anti-thrombogenic mRNA levels of CD39, thrombomodulin, and endothelial protein-C receptor (EPCR) compared to OS. SS also significantly increased CD39 and EPCR mRNA levels compared to RS. Finally, no significant differences were detected when comparing pro-thrombotic tissue factor mRNA or its activity levels. These results indicate that shear stress can have beneficial (SS) or adverse (OS, RS) effects on the inflammatory or thrombotic potential of EOCs. Further, these results suggest SS hemodynamic preconditioning may be optimal in increasing the efficacy of a vascular implant or in tissue-engineered applications that have incorporated EOCs.
AB - Endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs) have garnered much attention as a potential autologous endothelial source for vascular implants or in tissue engineering applications due to their ease of isolation and proliferative ability; however, how these cells respond to different hemodynamic cues is ill-defined. This study investigates the inflammatory and thrombotic response of baboon EOCs (BaEOCs) to four hemodynamic conditions using the cone and plate shear apparatus: steady, laminar shear stress (SS); pulsatile, nonreversing laminar shear stress (PS); oscillatory, laminar shear stress (OS); and net positive, pulsatile, reversing laminar shear stress (RS). In summary, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA was significantly upregulated by SS compared to OS. No differences were found in the mRNA levels of the inflammatory markers intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) between the shear conditions; however, OS significantly increased the number of monocytes bound when compared to SS. Next, SS increased the anti-thrombogenic mRNA levels of CD39, thrombomodulin, and endothelial protein-C receptor (EPCR) compared to OS. SS also significantly increased CD39 and EPCR mRNA levels compared to RS. Finally, no significant differences were detected when comparing pro-thrombotic tissue factor mRNA or its activity levels. These results indicate that shear stress can have beneficial (SS) or adverse (OS, RS) effects on the inflammatory or thrombotic potential of EOCs. Further, these results suggest SS hemodynamic preconditioning may be optimal in increasing the efficacy of a vascular implant or in tissue-engineered applications that have incorporated EOCs.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84878410051&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0300
DO - 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0300
M3 - Article
C2 - 23406430
AN - SCOPUS:84878410051
SN - 1937-3341
VL - 19
SP - 1573
EP - 1582
JO - Tissue Engineering - Part A
JF - Tissue Engineering - Part A
IS - 13-14
ER -