Does the 'hikikomori' syndrome of social withdrawal exist outside Japan? A preliminary international investigation

Takahiro A. Kato, Masaru Tateno, Naotaka Shinfuku, Daisuke Fujisawa, Alan R. Teo, Norman Sartorius, Tsuyoshi Akiyama, Tetsuya Ishida, Tae Young Choi, Yatan Pal Singh Balhara, Ryohei Matsumoto, Umene Nakano Wakako, Yota Fujimura, Anne Wand, Jane Pei Chen Chang, Rita Yuan Feng Chang, Behrang Shadloo, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Tiraya Lerthattasilp, Shigenobu Kanba