Diuretic Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

G. Michael Felker, David H. Ellison, Wilfried Mullens, Zachary L. Cox, Jeffrey M. Testani

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

150 Scopus citations

Abstract

Expansion of extracellular fluid volume is central to the pathophysiology of heart failure. Increased extracellular fluid leads to elevated intracardiac filling pressures, resulting in a constellation of signs and symptoms of heart failure referred to as congestion. Loop diuretics are one of the cornerstones of treatments for heart failure, but in contrast to other therapies, robust clinical trial evidence to guide the use of diuretics is sparse. A nuanced understanding of renal physiology and diuretic pharmacokinetics is essential for skillful use of diuretics in the management of heart failure in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Diuretic resistance, defined as an inadequate quantity of natriuresis despite an adequate diuretic regimen, is a major clinical challenge that generally portends a poor prognosis. In this review, the authors discuss the fundamental mechanisms and physiological principles that underlie the use of diuretic therapy and the available data on the optimal use of diuretics.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1178-1195
Number of pages18
JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology
Volume75
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 17 2020

Keywords

  • congestion
  • diuretics
  • heart failure
  • pharmacology

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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