Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense with pulmonary nodules in a kidney transplant recipient: Case report and review of the literature

We report a case of disseminated Mycobacterium genavense with pulmonary nodules in a kidney transplant recipient and review the associated literature. Disease caused by M. genavense has been recognized in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients since 1990, with subsequent case reports in other immunocompromised host populations. In AIDS patients, pulmonary lesions are an uncommon finding. This is the first report to our knowledge of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patient with pulmonary nodules as a feature of disseminated M. genavense. Diagnosis of M. genavense is often challenging and frequently requires nucleic acid-based identification techniques. Because of limitations in culture and drug susceptibility testing, treatment regimens rely on reported clinical experience. This case report and literature review illustrates a successful approach to the diagnosis and treatment of disseminated M. genavense and summarizes the reports of M. genavense infection in HIV-negative patients.