Differentiated adipose-derived stem cell cocultures for bone regeneration in polymer scaffolds in vivo

Amita R. Shah, Agustin Cornejo, Teja Guda, David E. Sahar, Stacy M. Stephenson, Shiliang Chang, Naveen K. Krishnegowda, Ramaswamy Sharma, Howard T. Wang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Critical-sized bone defects can lead to significant morbidity, and interventions are limited by the availability and donor-site morbidity of bone grafts. Polymer scaffolds seeded with cells have been explored to replace bone grafts. Adipose-derived stem cells have shown great promise for vascularization and osteogenesis of these constructs, and cocultures of differentiated stem cells are being explored to augment vessel and bone formation. Adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into endothelial cells and osteoblasts, and in vitro studies showed increased proliferation of cocultured cells compared with undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells and monocultures of endothelial cells and osteoblasts. The cells were seeded into polylactic acid gas-plasma-treated scaffolds as cocultures and monocultures and then implanted into critical-sized rat calvarial defects. The cocultures were in a 1:1 osteoblast to endothelial cell ratio. The increase in proliferation seen by the cocultured cells in vitro did not translate to increased vascularization and osteogenesis in vivo. In vivo, there were trends of increased vascularization in the endothelial cell group and increased osteogenesis in the osteoblast and endothelial monoculture groups, but no increase was seen in the coculture group compared with the undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells.Endothelial cells enhance vascularization and osteoblast and endothelial cell monocultures enhance bone formation in the polymer scaffold. Predifferentiation of adipose-derived stem cells is promising for improving vascularization and osteogenesis in polymer scaffolds but requires future evaluation of coculture ratios to fully characterize this response.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1504-1509
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Craniofacial Surgery
Volume25
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2014
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Adipose-derived stem cells
  • Bone regeneration
  • Coculture
  • Endothelial cell
  • Osteoblast
  • Polylactic acid
  • Rat calvarial defect
  • Tissue engineering

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Otorhinolaryngology

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