TY - JOUR
T1 - Defining the gene repertoire and spatiotemporal expression profiles of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors in zebrafish
AU - Harty, Breanne L.
AU - Krishnan, Arunkumar
AU - Sanchez, Nicholas E.
AU - Schiöth, Helgi B.
AU - Monk, Kelly R.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank members of the Monk lab for helpful feedback and suggestions as well as members of the Washington University Zebrafish Consortium for constructive feedback on the project. We are indebted to Ting Wang and Andrew Yoo for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank Chris Sawyer at the Genome Technology Access Center for his qPCR expertise and for performing the high-throughput qPCR experiments, the DeGuzman-Strong lab for use of their ViiA7 qPCR machine, and Charleen Johnson and other Washington University Zebrafish facility staff for excellent fish care. This work was supported by NIH CTSA Grant #UL1 TR000448 to BLH and KRM, 5T32GM7067 and the Markey Pathway Program to NES, by a grant from the Swedish Research Council to HBS, and by a grant to KRM from the Edward J. Mallinckrodt Jr. Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Harty et al.
PY - 2015/2/8
Y1 - 2015/2/8
N2 - Background: Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are the second largest of the five GPCR families and are essential for a wide variety of physiological processes. Zebrafish have proven to be a very effective model for studying the biological functions of aGPCRs in both developmental and adult contexts. However, aGPCR repertoires have not been defined in any fish species, nor are aGPCR expression profiles in adult tissues known. Additionally, the expression profiles of the aGPCR family have never been extensively characterized over a developmental time-course in any species. Results: Here, we report that there are at least 59 aGPCRs in zebrafish that represent homologs of 24 of the 33 aGPCRs found in humans; compared to humans, zebrafish lack clear homologs of GPR110, GPR111, GPR114, GPR115, GPR116, EMR1, EMR2, EMR3, and EMR4. We find that several aGPCRs in zebrafish have multiple paralogs, in line with the teleost-specific genome duplication. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that most zebrafish aGPCRs cluster closely with their mammalian homologs, with the exception of three zebrafish-specific expansion events in Groups II, VI, and VIII. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we have defined the expression profiles of 59 zebrafish aGPCRs at 12 developmental time points and 10 adult tissues representing every major organ system. Importantly, expression profiles of zebrafish aGPCRs in adult tissues are similar to those previously reported in mouse, rat, and human, underscoring the evolutionary conservation of this family, and therefore the utility of the zebrafish for studying aGPCR biology. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that zebrafish are a potentially useful model to study the biology of aGPCRs from a functional perspective. The zebrafish aGPCR repertoire, classification, and nomenclature, together with their expression profiles during development and in adult tissues, provides a crucial foundation for elucidating aGPCR functions and pursuing aGPCRs as therapeutic targets.
AB - Background: Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are the second largest of the five GPCR families and are essential for a wide variety of physiological processes. Zebrafish have proven to be a very effective model for studying the biological functions of aGPCRs in both developmental and adult contexts. However, aGPCR repertoires have not been defined in any fish species, nor are aGPCR expression profiles in adult tissues known. Additionally, the expression profiles of the aGPCR family have never been extensively characterized over a developmental time-course in any species. Results: Here, we report that there are at least 59 aGPCRs in zebrafish that represent homologs of 24 of the 33 aGPCRs found in humans; compared to humans, zebrafish lack clear homologs of GPR110, GPR111, GPR114, GPR115, GPR116, EMR1, EMR2, EMR3, and EMR4. We find that several aGPCRs in zebrafish have multiple paralogs, in line with the teleost-specific genome duplication. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that most zebrafish aGPCRs cluster closely with their mammalian homologs, with the exception of three zebrafish-specific expansion events in Groups II, VI, and VIII. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we have defined the expression profiles of 59 zebrafish aGPCRs at 12 developmental time points and 10 adult tissues representing every major organ system. Importantly, expression profiles of zebrafish aGPCRs in adult tissues are similar to those previously reported in mouse, rat, and human, underscoring the evolutionary conservation of this family, and therefore the utility of the zebrafish for studying aGPCR biology. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that zebrafish are a potentially useful model to study the biology of aGPCRs from a functional perspective. The zebrafish aGPCR repertoire, classification, and nomenclature, together with their expression profiles during development and in adult tissues, provides a crucial foundation for elucidating aGPCR functions and pursuing aGPCRs as therapeutic targets.
KW - Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors
KW - Expression profiling
KW - High-throughput quantitative real-time PCR
KW - Zebrafish genome
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84924311024&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12864-015-1296-8
DO - 10.1186/s12864-015-1296-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 25715737
AN - SCOPUS:84924311024
VL - 16
JO - BMC Genomics
JF - BMC Genomics
SN - 1471-2164
IS - 1
M1 - 59
ER -