TY - JOUR
T1 - Clock drawing performance in cognitively normal elderly
AU - Hubbard, Emily J.
AU - Santini, Veronica
AU - Blankevoort, Christiaan G.
AU - Volkers, Karin M.
AU - Barrup, Melissa S.
AU - Byerly, Laura
AU - Chaisson, Christine
AU - Jefferson, Angela L.
AU - Kaplan, Edith
AU - Green, Robert C.
AU - Stern, Robert A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NIH Grants P30-AG13846 (Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Core Center), M01-RR00533 (Boston University General Clinical Research Center), R03-AG026610 (ALJ), R03-AG027480 (ALJ), K12-HD043444 (ALJ), and K23-AG030962 (ALJ), K24 AG27841 (RCG).
PY - 2008/5
Y1 - 2008/5
N2 - The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a common neuropsychological measure sensitive to cognitive changes and functional skills (e.g., driving test performance) among older adults. However, normative data have not been adequately developed. We report the distribution of CDT scores using three common scoring systems [Mendez, M. F., Ala, T., & Underwood, K. L. (1992). Development of scoring criteria for the Clock Drawing Task in Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 1095-1099; Cahn, D. A., Salmon, D. P., Monsch, A. U., Butters, N., Wiederholt, W. C., & Corey-Bloom, J. (1996). Screening for dementia of the Alzheimer type in the community: The utility of the Clock Drawing Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 11(6), 529-539], among 207 cognitively normal elderly. The systems were well correlated, took little time to use, and had high inter-rater reliability. We found statistically significant differences in CDT scores based on age and WRAT-3 Reading score, a marker of education quality. We present means, standard deviations, and t- and z-scores based on these subgroups. We found that "normal" CDT performance includes a wider distribution of scores than previously reported. Our results may serve as useful comparisons for clinicians wishing to know whether their patients perform in the general range of cognitively normal elderly.
AB - The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a common neuropsychological measure sensitive to cognitive changes and functional skills (e.g., driving test performance) among older adults. However, normative data have not been adequately developed. We report the distribution of CDT scores using three common scoring systems [Mendez, M. F., Ala, T., & Underwood, K. L. (1992). Development of scoring criteria for the Clock Drawing Task in Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 1095-1099; Cahn, D. A., Salmon, D. P., Monsch, A. U., Butters, N., Wiederholt, W. C., & Corey-Bloom, J. (1996). Screening for dementia of the Alzheimer type in the community: The utility of the Clock Drawing Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 11(6), 529-539], among 207 cognitively normal elderly. The systems were well correlated, took little time to use, and had high inter-rater reliability. We found statistically significant differences in CDT scores based on age and WRAT-3 Reading score, a marker of education quality. We present means, standard deviations, and t- and z-scores based on these subgroups. We found that "normal" CDT performance includes a wider distribution of scores than previously reported. Our results may serve as useful comparisons for clinicians wishing to know whether their patients perform in the general range of cognitively normal elderly.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - Clock Drawing Test
KW - Clock drawing
KW - Cognitive decline
KW - Cognitive screening
KW - Dementia
KW - Elderly
KW - Mild cognitive impairment
KW - Neuropsychological tests
KW - Normal aging
KW - Normative data
KW - Scoring systems
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U2 - 10.1016/j.acn.2007.12.003
DO - 10.1016/j.acn.2007.12.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 18243644
AN - SCOPUS:42649099965
SN - 0887-6177
VL - 23
SP - 295
EP - 327
JO - Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
JF - Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
IS - 3
ER -