TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical utility of flat inferior vena cava by axial tomography in severely injured elderly patients
AU - Milia, David Joseph
AU - Dua, Anahita
AU - Paul, Jasmeet Singh
AU - Tolat, Parag
AU - Brasel, Karen J.
PY - 2013/12
Y1 - 2013/12
N2 - BACKGROUND: Flat inferior vena cava (IVC) has been associated with shock and mortality in young trauma patients (age G 55 years). Because of the greater possibility of nonhypovolemic shock in the elderly, we hypothesized that there would be no correlation between IVC ratio and the presence of shock. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all severely injured (Injury Severity Score [ISS] Q 15), blunt trauma patients 55 years or older from April 2006 to April 2011. Only patients undergoing axial imaging of the IVC within 1 hour of arrival were considered. Anteroposterior and transverse diameter of the 4C weremeasured 2.5mmabove the renal veins. Transverse-toanteroposterior 4C ratios of 2, 3, and 4 were analyzed. Hemodynamic (heart rate, blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, shock index, and adjusted shock index [ASI]) and laboratory (hemoglobin, HCO3, base excess) markers of shock were reviewed.Correlation among shock markers, 4C ratio, and death was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Relationship between shock and 4C ratio was analyzed using logistic regression and X2 where appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 308 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. The 4C ratio was greater than 2, greater than 3, and greater than 4 in 180, 85, and 46 patients, respectively. The 4C ratio (analyzed continuously) correlated with mortality (p < 0.05). Ratios of greater than 3 and greater than 4 predicted a 2.0 and 2.2 times mortality increase (95% confidence interval, 1.00-5.00 and 1.00-4.95, respectively). 4C ratio did not correlate with shock (ASI > 50) for any of the ratios studied. CONCLUSION: As in previous studies with younger injured patients, a flat 4C is predictive of increased mortality risk in the elderly. Presence of a shock state, as defined by ASI, is not correlated with a flat 4C. Moreover, almost one third of patients presenting in shock had a round 4C. This is consistent with our hypothesis that shock in the elderly trauma population may be multifactorial and the risk of nonhypovolemic shock must be considered.
AB - BACKGROUND: Flat inferior vena cava (IVC) has been associated with shock and mortality in young trauma patients (age G 55 years). Because of the greater possibility of nonhypovolemic shock in the elderly, we hypothesized that there would be no correlation between IVC ratio and the presence of shock. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all severely injured (Injury Severity Score [ISS] Q 15), blunt trauma patients 55 years or older from April 2006 to April 2011. Only patients undergoing axial imaging of the IVC within 1 hour of arrival were considered. Anteroposterior and transverse diameter of the 4C weremeasured 2.5mmabove the renal veins. Transverse-toanteroposterior 4C ratios of 2, 3, and 4 were analyzed. Hemodynamic (heart rate, blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, shock index, and adjusted shock index [ASI]) and laboratory (hemoglobin, HCO3, base excess) markers of shock were reviewed.Correlation among shock markers, 4C ratio, and death was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Relationship between shock and 4C ratio was analyzed using logistic regression and X2 where appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 308 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period. The 4C ratio was greater than 2, greater than 3, and greater than 4 in 180, 85, and 46 patients, respectively. The 4C ratio (analyzed continuously) correlated with mortality (p < 0.05). Ratios of greater than 3 and greater than 4 predicted a 2.0 and 2.2 times mortality increase (95% confidence interval, 1.00-5.00 and 1.00-4.95, respectively). 4C ratio did not correlate with shock (ASI > 50) for any of the ratios studied. CONCLUSION: As in previous studies with younger injured patients, a flat 4C is predictive of increased mortality risk in the elderly. Presence of a shock state, as defined by ASI, is not correlated with a flat 4C. Moreover, almost one third of patients presenting in shock had a round 4C. This is consistent with our hypothesis that shock in the elderly trauma population may be multifactorial and the risk of nonhypovolemic shock must be considered.
KW - Axial tomography
KW - Elderly
KW - Inferior vena cava
KW - Shock
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U2 - 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182a68756
DO - 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182a68756
M3 - Article
C2 - 24256673
AN - SCOPUS:84890103586
SN - 2163-0755
VL - 75
SP - 1002
EP - 1005
JO - Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
JF - Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
IS - 6
ER -