Cardiometabolic correlates of low type 2 diabetes incidence in western Alaska Native people - The WATCH study

Kathryn R. Koller, Jesse S. Metzger, Stacey E. Jolly, Jason G. Umans, Scarlett E. Hopkins, Cristiane Kaufmann, Amy S. Wilson, Sven O.E. Ebbesson, Terry W. Raymer, Melissa A. Austin, Barbara V. Howard, Bert B. Boyer

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aims: Previously rare among Alaska Native (AN) people, type 2 diabetes (DM2) prevalence as indicated by registry data has increased by as much as 300% in some western Alaska regions. We sought to determine prevalence and incidence of DM2 and analyze associated cardiometabolic risk factors in western AN people. Methods: DM2 and prediabetes prevalence and incidence were determined by the Western Alaska Tribal Collaborative for Health using consolidated data from cohort studies conducted during 2000-2010. Crude and age-adjusted incidence for DM2 and prediabetes were calculated using 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria. Effects of covariates on DM2 and prediabetes were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, adjusted for age and sex. Results: Excluding baseline diabetes (. n=. 124, 4.5%), 53 cases of new DM2 were identified among 2630 participants. Age- and sex-adjusted DM2 incidence was 4.3/1000 (95% CI 2.9, 5.0) person-years over an average 5.9-year follow up. After excluding baseline prediabetes, 387 new cases of prediabetes were identified among 1841 participants; adjusted prediabetes incidence was 44.5/1000 (95% CI 39.5, 49.5) person years. Independent predictors for DM2 included age, impaired fasting glucose, and metabolic syndrome; family history of diabetes and obesity were additional independent predictors for prediabetes. Conclusions: DM2 incidence in western AN people is substantially lower than that for U.S. whites; however, incidence of prediabetes is more than 10-fold higher than western AN DM2 incidence and more closely aligned with U.S. rates. Interventions aimed at achieving healthy lifestyles are needed to minimize risk factors and maximize protective factors for DM2 in this population.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)423-431
Number of pages9
JournalDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume108
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 1 2015
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Alaska Native (AN)
  • DM2
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Prediabetes
  • Risk factors
  • Western Alaska Tribal Collaborative for Health

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Endocrinology

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