TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of total and free 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D with serum markers of inflammation in older men
AU - Srikanth, P.
AU - Chun, R. F.
AU - Hewison, M.
AU - Adams, J. S.
AU - Bouillon, R.
AU - Vanderschueren, D.
AU - Lane, N.
AU - Cawthon, P. M.
AU - Dam, T.
AU - Barrett-Connor, E.
AU - Daniels, L. B.
AU - Shikany, J. M.
AU - Stefanick, M. L.
AU - Cauley, J. A.
AU - Orwoll, E. S.
AU - Nielson, C. M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this study was supported in part by the following NIH grants: NIAMS R01 AR063910 (PIs Martin Hewison and John Adams), P60 AR054731 (PI Jane Cauley), and NIAMS K01 AR062655 (PI Carrie Nielson). Supported in part by an independent investigator grant (SRA-12-009) from Merck &Co, Inc.
Funding Information:
The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study is supported by National Institutes of Health funding. The following institutes provide support: the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research under the following grant numbers: U01 AG027810, U01 AG042124, U01 AG042139, U01 AG042140, U01 AG042143, U01 AG042145, U01 AG042168, U01 AR066160, and UL1 TR000128.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation.
PY - 2016/7/1
Y1 - 2016/7/1
N2 - Summary: Vitamin D is hypothesized to suppress inflammation. We tested total and free vitamin D metabolites and their association with inflammatory markers. Interleukin-6 levels were lower with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and free 25OHD associations mirrored those of 25OHD. However, associations for the two metabolites diverged for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) soluble receptors. Introduction: Vitamin D is hypothesized to suppress inflammation, and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and inflammatory markers are inversely correlated. However, total serum 25OHD may not be the best indicator of biologically active vitamin D. Methods: We tested serum total 25OHD, total 1,25(OH)2D, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and estimated free 25OHD and free 1,25(OH)2D associations with inflammatory markers serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α and their soluble receptors, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) as continuous outcomes and the presence of ≥2 inflammatory markers in the highest quartile as a dichotomous outcome, in a random subcohort of 679 men in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Results: IL-6 was lower in men with higher 25OHD (−0.23 μg/mL per standard deviation (SD) increase in 25OHD, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) −0.07 to −0.38 μg/mL) and with higher 1,25(OH)2D (−0.20 μg/mL, 95 % CI −0.0004 to −0.39 μg/mL); free D associations were slightly stronger. 25OHD and DBP, but not 1,25(OH)2D, were independently associated with IL-6. TNF-α soluble receptors were inversely associated with 1,25(OH)2D but positively associated with 25OHD, and each had independent effects. The strongest association with ≥2 inflammatory markers in the highest quartile was for free 1,25(OH)2D (odds ratios (OR) 0.70, 95 % CI 0.54 to 0.89 per SD increase in free 1,25(OH)2D). Conclusions: Associations of 1,25(OH)2D and free 25OHD with IL-6 mirrored those of 25OHD, suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D and free D do not improve upon 25OHD in population-based IL-6 studies. However, associations for the two metabolites diverged for TNF-α soluble receptor, warranting examination of both metabolites in studies of TNF-α and its antagonists.
AB - Summary: Vitamin D is hypothesized to suppress inflammation. We tested total and free vitamin D metabolites and their association with inflammatory markers. Interleukin-6 levels were lower with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and free 25OHD associations mirrored those of 25OHD. However, associations for the two metabolites diverged for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) soluble receptors. Introduction: Vitamin D is hypothesized to suppress inflammation, and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and inflammatory markers are inversely correlated. However, total serum 25OHD may not be the best indicator of biologically active vitamin D. Methods: We tested serum total 25OHD, total 1,25(OH)2D, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and estimated free 25OHD and free 1,25(OH)2D associations with inflammatory markers serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α and their soluble receptors, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) as continuous outcomes and the presence of ≥2 inflammatory markers in the highest quartile as a dichotomous outcome, in a random subcohort of 679 men in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Results: IL-6 was lower in men with higher 25OHD (−0.23 μg/mL per standard deviation (SD) increase in 25OHD, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) −0.07 to −0.38 μg/mL) and with higher 1,25(OH)2D (−0.20 μg/mL, 95 % CI −0.0004 to −0.39 μg/mL); free D associations were slightly stronger. 25OHD and DBP, but not 1,25(OH)2D, were independently associated with IL-6. TNF-α soluble receptors were inversely associated with 1,25(OH)2D but positively associated with 25OHD, and each had independent effects. The strongest association with ≥2 inflammatory markers in the highest quartile was for free 1,25(OH)2D (odds ratios (OR) 0.70, 95 % CI 0.54 to 0.89 per SD increase in free 1,25(OH)2D). Conclusions: Associations of 1,25(OH)2D and free 25OHD with IL-6 mirrored those of 25OHD, suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D and free D do not improve upon 25OHD in population-based IL-6 studies. However, associations for the two metabolites diverged for TNF-α soluble receptor, warranting examination of both metabolites in studies of TNF-α and its antagonists.
KW - Elderly
KW - Free 1,25(OH)D
KW - Free 25OHD
KW - Inflammation
KW - Men
KW - Total 1,25(OH)D
KW - Total 25OHD
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U2 - 10.1007/s00198-016-3537-3
DO - 10.1007/s00198-016-3537-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 26905270
AN - SCOPUS:84959120357
VL - 27
SP - 2291
EP - 2300
JO - Osteoporosis International
JF - Osteoporosis International
SN - 0937-941X
IS - 7
ER -