Anatomic abnormalities of the pediatric airway

The physician who is called upon to evaluate stridor in the infant or child must be familiar with common congenital lesions of the airway. Congenital stridor is a symptom of an underlying problem which must be accurately diagnosed to be properly and effectively managed. This requires a complete history and physical examination to note the type of stridor and its association with feeding difficulties or cyanosis. Careful evaluation of the cry is important. Radiologic examinations are of great value in providing additional information concerning airway anomalies. The mainstay of diagnosis is thorough endoscopic examination. Familiarity with the anomalies possible, their symptoms, the diagnostic methods available, and treatment will provide for better care of the affected patient.