@inproceedings{8b2a833f355b4c239286d45930137762,
title = "An annotation scheme for complex disfluencies",
abstract = "In this paper, we present an annotation scheme for disfluencies. Unlike previous schemes, this scheme allows complex disfluencies with multiple backtracking points to be annotated, which are common in stuttered speech. The scheme specifies each disfluency in terms of word-level annotations, thus making the scheme useful for building sophisticated language models of disfluencies. As determining the annotation codes is quite difficult, we have developed a pen and paper procedure in which the annotator lines up the words into rows and columns, from which it is straight-forward for the annotator to determine the annotation tags.",
keywords = "Annotation scheme, Disfluencies, Stuttered speech",
author = "Heeman, {Peter A.} and Andy McMillin and Yaruss, {J. Scott}",
year = "2006",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9781604234497",
series = "INTERSPEECH 2006 and 9th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, INTERSPEECH 2006 - ICSLP",
publisher = "International Speech Communication Association",
pages = "1081--1084",
booktitle = "INTERSPEECH 2006 and 9th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, INTERSPEECH 2006 - ICSLP",
note = "INTERSPEECH 2006 and 9th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, INTERSPEECH 2006 - ICSLP ; Conference date: 17-09-2006 Through 21-09-2006",
}