Age-related changes and longitudinal stability of individual differences in ABCD Neurocognition measures

Andrey P. Anokhin, Monica Luciana, Marie Banich, Deanna Barch, James M. Bjork, Marybel R. Gonzalez, Raul Gonzalez, Frank Haist, Joanna Jacobus, Krista Lisdahl, Erin McGlade, Bruce McCandliss, Bonnie Nagel, Sara Jo Nixon, Susan Tapert, James T. Kennedy, Wesley Thompson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Temporal stability of individual differences is an important prerequisite for accurate tracking of prospective relationships between neurocognition and real-world behavioral outcomes such as substance abuse and psychopathology. Here we report age-related changes and longitudinal test-retest stability (TRS) for the Neurocognition battery of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which included the NIH Toolbox (TB) Cognitive Domain and additional memory and visuospatial processing tests administered at baseline (ages 9–11) and two-year follow-up. As expected, performance improved significantly with age, but the effect size varied broadly, with Pattern Comparison and the Crystallized Cognition Composite showing the largest age-related gain (Cohen's d:.99 and.97, respectively). TRS ranged from fair (Flanker test: r = 0.44) to excellent (Crystallized Cognition Composite: r = 0.82). A comparison of longitudinal changes and cross-sectional age-related differences within baseline and follow-up assessments suggested that, for some measures, longitudinal changes may be confounded by practice effects and differences in task stimuli or procedure between baseline and follow-up. In conclusion, a subset of measures showed good stability of individual differences despite significant age-related changes, warranting their use as prospective predictors. However, caution is needed in the interpretation of observed longitudinal changes as indicators of neurocognitive development.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number101078
JournalDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience
Volume54
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2022

Keywords

  • Development
  • Longitudinal
  • Neurocognition
  • Test-retest reliability

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cognitive Neuroscience

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