@article{c854f3dfa5794d799520c7500491fac3,
title = "A comprehensive review of randomized clinical trials in three medical journals reveals 396 medical reversals",
abstract = "The ability to identify medical reversals and other low-value medical practices is an essential prerequisite for efforts to reduce spending on such practices. Through an analysis of more than 3000 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in three leading medical journals (the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine), we have identified 396 medical reversals. Most of the studies (92%) were conducted on populations in high- income countries, cardiovascular disease was the most common medical category (20%), and medication was the most common type of intervention (33%).",
author = "Diana Herrera-Perez and Alyson Haslam and Tyler Crain and Jennifer Gill and Catherine Livingston and Victoria Kaestner and Michael Hayes and Dan Morgan and Cifu, {Adam S.} and Vinay Prasad",
note = "Funding Information: Articles were coded by discipline (public health/ general preventive medicine, psychiatry, neurology/neurosurgery, radiation oncology, surgery, urology, allergy and immunology, anesthesiology, dermatology, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, cardiovascular disease, critical care medicine, endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism, gastroenterology/hepatology, hematology, infectious disease, medical oncology, nephrology, pulmonary disease, or rheumatology) with the option of a secondary discipline, if it could be categorized as more than one, whether the study was done in a high-income country or a low-to middle-income country (International Statistical Institute, 2018), and the type of intervention (medication, procedure, device, screening test, over-the-counter medication, vitamins/supplements/food, behavioral therapy, treatment algorithm, diagnostic instruments, system intervention/quality and performance measure, or optimization). We also abstracted the funding source(s) and categorized the data as industry only, non-industry only, a combination of industry and non-industry sources, or a combination of non-industry and either an insurance company or banking institution. Intervention materials provided by an industry source qualified as having funding support from industry sources. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Herrera-Perez et al. Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = jun,
doi = "10.7554/eLife.48459",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
journal = "eLife",
issn = "2050-084X",
publisher = "eLife Sciences Publications",
}