5-year reoperation rates after different types of lumbar spine surgery

Alex D. Malter, Brad McNeney, John D. Loeser, Richard A. Deyo

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

202 Scopus citations

Abstract

Study Design. Population-based cohort study of Washington State patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery for degenerative conditions in 1988. Objectives. To compare complications and reoperation rates during the 5-year period after surgery between patients who have undergone lumbar spine fusion surgery and those who have undergone laminectomy or discectomy alone. Summary of Background Data. Spinal fusion is associated with wider surgical exposure, more extensive dissection, and longer operative times than lumbar surgery without fusion, and previous studies have shown higher complication rates and hospital charges associated with these more complex procedures. In elderly patients spinal fusion operations were associated with higher mortality rates than laminectomy or discectomy, alone, and reoperation rates were not lower. In the current study, reoperations, mortality, and complications following lumbar spine surgery were examined for the general population. Methods. A statewide hospital discharge database was used to identify all Washington patients who underwent spine surgery in 1988 and to determine the rate of reoperation during the subsequent 5 years. Administrative records also were used to identify complications, mortality, and hospital charges associated with the operations. Unadjusted complication and reoperation rates for the groups were compared using chisquare statistics. Adjusted rates were compared using logistic regression and proportional hazards (Cox) regression after controlling for age, gender, prior spine surgery, diagnosis, comorbidity type of surgery, and coverage by Workers' Compensation. Results. Of 6376 patients who underwent lumbar surgery for degenerative conditions in Washington in 1988, 1041 (16%) had operations involving spine fusion. Diagnoses of degenerative disc disease or possible instability were more frequent among patients undergoing fusion surgery, whereas herniated discs were more frequent among those undergoing discectomy or laminectomy alone. Complications were recorded in 18% of fusion patients and 7% of nonfusion patients (P<0.01) but mortality rates did not differ. Unadjusted reoperation rates over the 5-year period were greater for patients who underwent nonfusion surgery (18% vs. 15%, respectively) but after adjustment for baseline characteristics, fusion patients had only a slightly greater (and nonsignificant) risk of reoperation (relative risk 1.1, confidence interval 9=1.3). Conclusions. As in previous studies, complications in the current study occurred more frequently among patients who underwent lumbar spine fusion than among those who underwent laminectomy or discectomy alone. Reoperations were at least as frequent after fusion, but the authors could not assess treatment efficacy in terms of pain relief or improved function. Although the characteristics of patients undergoing fusion differed from those undergoing laminectomy or discectomy alone there appeared to be sufficient overlap in the clinical populations to warrant closer scrutiny of the safety, efficacy, and indications for spinal fusions, preferably in randomized trials.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)814-820
Number of pages7
JournalSpine
Volume23
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 1 1998
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Cohort studies
  • Health resources
  • Lumbar vertebrae
  • Multivariate analysis
  • Outcome assessment health care
  • Postoperative complications
  • Reoperations
  • Spinal fusion

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Clinical Neurology

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